How to get healthy skin 2
Dermis: the inner support
The dermis is the inner layer of skin situated between the epidermis and other tissues of the body, such as connective tissue, subcutaneous fat, muscle, and bone. The dermis can vary in depth from 0.3 mm to 4 mm depending on body location and is generally at least ten times thicker than the epidermis (7, 8). However, nearly 75% of the weight of the dermis is a matrix of collagen, an extracellular protein that allows for both structural support and elasticity of the skin. Thus, the primary role of the dermis is a mechanical support network for the epidermis, providing integrity and flexibility to skin. Blood vessels that supply nutrients for all skin layers are found in the dermis (6).
The dermis, which is less cell dense than the epidermis, is primarily comprised of a matrix of extracellular proteins. A majority of cells found in the dermis are fibroblasts that synthesize structural proteins like collagen. Immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dermal dendrocytes, also reside in the dermis, where they contribute to the defense of skin and modulate the response to injury (6). Subcutaneous fat cells provide structural support and energy reserves, as well assistance in thermoregulation. Hair follicles, sensory nerve endings, and sweat and sebaceous glands are also found in the dermis; each is made of specialized cells that support the various functions of the skin.
Challenges faced by healthy skin
Although difficult to define, healthy skin has the ability to respond to challenges that would otherwise undermine its structure and function. Balanced nutrition complements the host of endogenous factors that preserve skin health. Moreover, skin that functions properly has aesthetically pleasing properties, giving skin a healthful appearance and feel. Therefore, conditions that adversely affect the biological functions of skin often correspond to a less attractive appearance of skin.
This section focuses on the everyday challenges to skin health and the prevention of chronic conditions (where applicable) rather than treatment of skin diseases.
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